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Education • Music • Art
176 | Scale Formulas
The power of patterns
December 23, 2022
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Scales are important in music -- because they provide a range of moods you can use in songs. Scales establish the vibe of a tune. And they do this by forming the basis of both the melody and harmony of a composition.

By rearraning the notes of a scale, you form melodies. And by combining the notes of that same scale, you also build the chords that support the melody.

So scales are foundational to the art of songwriting. And what's cool is that there are MANY different scales to choose from -- where each is just a different pattern of intervals that spans an octave.

For example, if we start with the chromatic scale and select the C major scale as a subset, you can see how the pitches can either rise or fall ... always landing on the same tonic (or tonal center), which in this case is C:

Together, these notes -- C, D, E, F, G, A, B, and C -- have a distinctive sound. And this sound is based on the pattern of intervals (in this case, whole-steps and half-steps) that separate the various notes.

Using numbers, we can also label these intervals more generally, like this:

Now here's where it gets especially cool. And that's because we can use different interval patterns -- different numbers sequences -- to create a variety of scales. Like these....

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Hi Mike! I landed here after watching some of your YouTube videos and getting the first glimmer of understanding of music theory from them. This is some of the best content I've seen. That said, having just landed here finding myself a little confused about where I should be going or even if I've got the right content. Coming in as as I am as a beginning piano player, something between generic music theory and piano specific examples work for me well but I'm not really sure for that where to begin. It would be fantastic if you could point the way. Thank you.

May 15, 2026

Mike, im kinda a silent member. Ive been around for a few years. I LOVE your work. Seeing music is a very effective way to teach. Its not really a part odmf music instruction but im curious what graphic program you use. In the past ive done some graphic design and I know building info around a circle is a lot of work and tricky.

Tritone Math Madness

12 really is a perfect number.

6 is a factor of 12 and thus divides the chromatic scale into all 12 inherent tritone pairs.

12/6 = 2 resulting in 6 bisectors that create 12 pairs of notes diametrically opposite eachother.

The math is exactly as on point as the colors are.

Amazing!

December 03, 2025
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429 | Chords with a G Note

This is a "heatmap" of all chords (triads) with a G note. (The staggered stacks of notes in each cell simply illustrate the various inversions of each triad.)

Chord progressions built from these chords tend to sound good -- due to their shared link with the G note.

You can see (and hear) what I mean as you play around with these chords.

For a map of chords that include the C note, see Post #425. Notice that the harmonic positions of each chord are the same -- that is, the same numerals appear (I, IV, bVI, etc.) since the ChordMap is symmetrical across all keys.

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425 | Chords with a C Note

This image helps to get the ideas flowing for songwriting. It shows the various chords (triads) with a C note. Like a heat map, it highlights all the locations across harmonic space that include this pitch.

And what's cool is that, as you play different progressions built from these chords, they tend to sound good. This is due to their shared link with the C note.

You'll see (and hear) what I mean as you play around with these chords.

A song might not be built entirely from these chords alone -- they might simply serve as a springboard for more ideas. Or maybe you can come up with a full tune from these harmonies....

And on a more esoteric note ... it's interesting how this version of the ChordMap resembles the Mayan calendar, yeah? With its colorful symbols and concentric rings, it's structure is strangely similar.

The Aztec sun god, Tonatiuh, sits at the center of the Mayan calendar. Like Apollo, the Greek god of the sun (and music), he plays a central role in the progression of time. Music is the audible convergence of time and space (pitch and rhythm). And it all flows in a cycle.

As they say, everything is connected. :)

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376 | The Rosetta Stone of Music

Music is a language. A language that your ears naturally understand, but that’s also utterly foreign to your eyes … as a mess of confusing dots and lines and squiggles.

It’s frustrating, to say the least. Because it means that you’re already fluent in this language (or at least you can easily hear it), but at the same time you’re not able to speak it (by easily playing and creating it yourself).

And as long as you’re confused by the visual language of music, you’ll struggle with the syntax of song, unable to fully articulate the music that you can hear inside.

So what’s needed is a way to align your hearing with your sight. That is, you need a method to illustrate the patterns of music in such a way that they LOOK as natural and simple as they SOUND.

In other words, you need a “Rosetta Stone” to help bridge the gap between the musical language of your ears and that of your eyes.

And with color, you have the answer — using the special connection between the circle of fifths and the color wheel, along with the natural link between the circle of fifths and the chromatic scale.

By leveraging your familiarity with color to decipher the otherwise cryptic sequence notes, you can finally crack the code of music. This is our musical Rosetta Stone.

 

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